To achieve high coverage of the analysis, many of the current MS techniques use a powerful combination of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the protein digests. The cerebellum is crucial for the precise temporal control of motor related tasks and conditioned behaviors. Yet, it is not clear how the cerebellum may signal precise timing at the cellular level. Prior studies of spike time coding in the cerebellum have focused on the discharge of Purkinje cells , which form the sole output of cerebellar cortex. However, thus far these studies only considered mean firing rates of the simple spikes or complex spikes. The finding that the hippocampus rather than the mPFC showed the most robust IEG expression changes with Nestlet treatment is consistent with the finding that nest building appears to reflect brain hippocampus function. Of interest, the gene with the greatest brain expression change in our prior studies by isolation rearing was not affected by Nestlet treatment. Burrowing, a behavior related to nest building was impaired in rats with a potassium channel defect , a different excitatory mechanism for cells. We can speculate that nest building effects might be mediated through an Gefitinib alternate pathway such as the potassium channel, rather than a glutamate channel.Little attention has been paid to their fine-temporal structure, even though spike timing may encode additional information in other systems. In fact, for two different strains of ataxic mice with mutations of voltage-gated calcium channels expressed in PCs it was recently reported that PCs show increased irregularity of firing. Collection and interpretation of multiple MS and tandem MS/MS spectra from a series of eluted peptides sometimes produce candidate peptides that can bear post-translational modifications. Such analysis, however, is frequently complicated by the difficulties in detecting the low abundant species co-eluted with more abundant ones. Our approach is not limited by the time constrains, and allows us to measures MSn spectra of every observable or hypothesized species in the sample , maximizing the completeness of the performed analysis. Usually, we get more than 50 % percent of the analyzed ion peaks assigned to the identified proteins. The rest of the ion peaks represent the pool of species which is increasingly difficult to identify. These species may originate from the original tryptic peptides as a result of fragmentation during the sample ionization process, or as the result of post-translational modifications. The later are exhaustively elucidated with high sensitivity, accuracy and speed using our modular mass spectrometric tool. International spread of the emerged pandemic strain of influenza may occur when a recently infected person travels. By ‘recently infected’ we mean that their travel is scheduled to occur within ten days of being infected. A common measure to characterize the temporal structure of spike trains is the coefficient of variation of the interspike intervals.