Importantly, Kenpaullone overexpression of the ZNF93 protein in a PM00104 and ET-743 sensitive chondrosarcoma cell line CS-1 led to a modest level of PM00104, ET-743 and cisplatin resistance implying an important role for ZNF93 in the development of the drug-resistant phenotype. Other zinc finger proteins such as ZNF143 have been shown to be associated with cisplatin resistance, and ZNF143 depletion using siRNA confers cell sensitivity to cisplatin, but not to oxaliplatin, Gimeracil etoposide and vincristine. ZNF143 has been found associated with tumor suppressor gene p73 but not with p53 expression. Interestingly, p73 could stimulate the binding of ZNF143 to cisplatin-modified DNA. Both Rad51 and flap endonuclease-1 are overexpressed in cisplatin-resistant cells and are target genes of ZNF143. These results suggest ZNF93, ZNF143 as well as other zinc finger proteins may be involved uniquely in DNA repair pathway following DNA damage by ET-743, PM00104, and cisplatin. Future studies on identification of potential ZNF93 target genes for DNA repair pathways are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanism of ZNF93 overexpressin in multidrug resistant cells. Despite its potential role in the transcriptional regulation and DNA repair, ZNF93 may have a potential as an novel target for anticancer therapeutic development. There were reports that defects in the DNA mismatch repair pathway, usually associated with increased resistance to methylating agents and cisplatin, did not affect the cytotoxic activity of ET-743. However, ET-743 did show decreased activity in nucleotide excision repair -deficient cell lines compared to NER-proficient cell lines. It is obvious that cell lines are not fully representative of tumors from patients, but they do have the advantages of reproducibility, availability, and homogeneity in cell lineage. Further studies on tumor samples to correlate the levels of zinc finger protein such as ZNF93 and DNA repair genes with clinical data will further clarify the biochemical roles of these proteins and their potential as therapeutic targets.