Patients with hypertrophic scars often report itching and pain, and experience serious functional and cosmetic problems, which are caused by a variety of complications, including compression, sensation of stiffness, loss of joint mobility and anatomical deformities. When a deep wound or an exuberant scar occurs, there are many preventive and therapeutic measures such as silicone, pressure therapy, corticosteroids, laser therapy, cryotherapy, radiation, surgery, and some new methods developed such as interferon and 5-fluorouracil. However, there is no consensus about the best treatment to produce complete and permanent improvement of scars with few side effects. Natural drugs have been generally recognized to play a unique therapeutic rolein the treatment of many diseases. Essential oils from many plant species have become especially popular in recent years, and investigations into their bioactivities and mechanisms of action have been performed for human health. Rhizoma Chuanxiong, the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicines, is warm in property and pungent in flavor and possesses efficacy in promoting the circulation of the blood and qi, expelling wind, and alleviating pain, which has high medicinal value. It has been used in the Trihexyphenidyl HCl clinical treatment of pain, migraine, rheumatic arthralgia, inflammation, menstrual disturbance, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for nearly 2000 years. The volatile compounds in this herbal drug are considered an important part of its pharmacological effects mentioned above. There are several investigations reported suggesting that the essential oil from this plant could protect against DNA damage and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B in mammalian cells. The Ethyl ether Enoxacin hydrate extract blocks endothelial cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. The antiTrichophyton effects of Ligusticum chuanxiong essential oil are also validated. Our previous preliminary investigations indicated that EO extracted from the plant markedly suppressed the viability of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, elicited cell apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited hypertrophic scar formation in the rabbit ear model, suggesting its preventive effects on hypertrophic scarring.