Several studies have also shown that an elevated NLR is associated with poor prognosis in patients with NPC. In accord with the study of Jian-rong He et al. who tested the prognostic value of NLR in 1410 patients with various stages of NPC and the study of Xin An et al. who tested the prognostic value of NLR in 363 patients with non-disseminated NPC, we also found a significant association between NLR and OS. However, the COX model and the AUC analysis have shown that the GPS was superior to NLR in terms of discriminating ability and prognostic accuracy. For PLR, it was not independently associated with overall survival. In general, this study is the first to show the superior prognostic ability of the GPS over the NLR and PLR in patients with metastatic NPC. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the GPS may be useful to predict the prognosis of metastatic NPC patients Estradiol Benzoate treated with cisplatin-based palliative chemotherapy and facilitate individualized treatment. A prospective study to validate this prognostic model is needed. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between high GPS and poor prognosis in NPC still need further study. The leather industry is one of the oldest industries in the world, which nowadays plays a large role in the economic system worldwide. Looking through the ages, we can state that leather is a sustainable material, because while people eat meat, they will have this raw material available. Despite incomes, the leather industry is a high pollutant industry. The reason for this is that leather is not a ”friend” of the environment, as it plays a role in the environmental destruction caused by the meat industry as well as the pollution caused by the materials used in leather preservation and processing. For this reason, raw hide preservation has always been a challenge for leather manufacturers. The raw hides and skins are flayed from the animal and further processed into leather. As the main constituent of raw skins and hides is protein, these materials are highly susceptible to bacterial action. Deterioration of the skin starts within 5�C6 h after flaying; hence, there is a requirement for an effective preservative. Thus, it is essential to preserve the protein matrix and also to temporarily arrest microbial attacks. The preservation of raw stock has the objective of rendering the flayed skin/hide resistant to putrefaction in order to allow transport and storage. Preservation is accomplished either by destroying active bacteria, by preventing bacterial activity or by preventing bacterial contamination. During preservation, it is essential to avoid the use of toxic materials, as these are very dangerous for the environment due to their chemical nature. From ancient times, common salt and its sub-empirical forms like Khari salts have been employed for preservation. These salts are available to flayers and slaughterhouses globally. Preservation using salt remains the most popular curing technique worldwide due to its ease, cost-effectiveness and the quality of the finished leather produced. The use of salt enhances the pollution load of tannery effluent, however, which becomes highly contaminated with increased 
total dissolved solids and chlorides. To overcome this hurdle, researchers are constantly searching for alternative preservation techniques which are either totally void of salt or use only a small amount. Sundar and Muralidharan developed a low Alprostadil salt-MgO substituted skin preservation methodology. The methodology bases the amount of salt required on the weight of the skin to be treated, and uses less than 25% of the weight of the skin.