In addition, aniracetam does not influence performance in the elevated plus maze, locomotion, or repetitive behaviors in C57BL/ 6J mice. We included these additional tests to determine if aniracetam results in other behavioral changes that could influence learning and memory in mice. Our studies clearly EDO-S101 demonstrate that repeated doses of 50 mg/kg of aniracetam presented orally does not produce changes in learning and memory, performance in tests that Tirapazamine measure anxiety, locomotion, or repetitive behavior. Our initial hypothesis was that aniracetam treatment would result in enhanced learning and memory based on previous studies. Aniracetam positively impacts the pharmacological profile associated with learning and memory by elevating hippocampal acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate, and dopamine levels. In addition, aniracetam significantly facilitates longterm potentiation formation in the hippocampus, reverses memory loss, reduces anxiety, and reverses ethanol-induced brain damage. An important caveat for some of the above behavioral studies is that they were performed in rodent models of disease or using experimentally induced learning deficits and did not explicitly address impacts in healthy subjects. For instance, one study found that a 50 mg/kg oral dose of aniracetam treatment reverses learning and memory deficits in rats that were previously injected with scopolamine then tested in a passive avoidance test. This study did not examine whether aniracetam without scopolamine treatment enhances learning and memory. In another study, rats were exposed to ethanol during prenatal development. During the early postnatal period the rats were given 50 mg/kg treatment over 10 days. The aniracetam treatment reversed learning and memory deficits in an active avoidance task, but did not improve cognitive performance in control rats. Even though these studies did not explicitly examine whether aniracetam has cognitive enhancing properties, the lack of enhanced performance in control subjects does provide evidence that aniracetam does not improve learning in healthy subjects.