The common CHDs include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary valve atresia, coarctation of the aorta and tricuspid atresia. Among them, VSD is one of the most common, accounting for about 20% of CHD. VSD is mainly caused by left and right ventricular septal defect-induced abnormal traffic. Despite the fact that its embryology and physiology have been elucidated, its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. A microRNA is a post-transcriptional regulatory factor and small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecule, 18�C 22 nucleotides in length. It can pair with 39 non-coding regions of a target gene��s mRNA, and negatively regulate expression of target genes at the posttranscriptional level. It can regulate cell growth, metabolism, differentiation and apoptosis, participating in the growth of the living organism. miRNA plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. miRNA genes represent only 1% of human genes. However, sequence analysis suggests that miRNA can potentially regulate 30% of human genes Alisol-B-23-acetate through complex regulatory networks. The miRNA stably expressed in body fluids plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases and tumor occurrence, and circulating miRNA can be used as a Schisanhenol potential biomarker for disease diagnosis as it is very stable in serum and cannot be degraded by RNA degrading enzymes. Recent studies showed that miRNA is involved in embryonic heart development, morphogenesis of the heart, and myocardial cell growth and differentiation, playing an important function in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. It was reported that miRNA is associated with the pathogenesis of CHD, and it plays an increasingly important role in diagnosis and treatment of heartrelated diseases. MiR-1 and miR-133 can control development of the myocardium and the skeleton. Huang et al. found that miRNAs may play a central role in craniofacial and cardiovascular systems, and if mutated may cause nerve – craniofacial – congenital heart defects.