We could not rule out the possibility that recA transcription and GFP translation differ, because the RNA-seq results showed that recA expression increased under Km treatment. Antibiotic treatment can induce the SOS response, which can lead to the expression of umuDC. Our transcriptome Thiamet G analysis revealed that the umuDC genes were induced only by Nor. Thus, our results demonstrated that Nor, but not other antibiotics, strongly induced the SOS response in DR1 cells. The enzymes used in base excision repair are responsible for repairing endogenous DNA-damage lesions caused by ROS, environmental chemicals, and ionizing radiations. BER is a highly conserved cellular mechanism in bacteria and humans, and the lesion in the damaged DNA is removed by a DNA glycosylase. Endonuclease IV, UDG, and Fpg are induced in response to oxidative stress and these molecules function in repairing DNA damage in E. coli. We measured endonuclease activity after treatment with the 4 antibiotics and we used the DNA-excision assay and oligonucleotides including THF residues. Unexpectedly, in response to Km and Tc, endonuclease IV did not exhibit BER activity that was SSR128129E distinct from the activity in control. We also tested the activities of the 2 other DNA-repair enzymes, UDG and Fpg. Fpg activity decreased under all antibiotic conditions, whereas UDG activity was not changed. In these assays, enzyme reactions performed using purified E. coli endonuclease IV, UDG, and Fpg served as positive controls. Our results showed that the DNA-repair capability of endonuclease IV was maintained only under Amp and Nor treatment, which suggests that each antibiotic distinctly affects the genes encoding DNA-repair enzymes. The expression of endonuclease IV was upregulated by Km but not the other 3 antibiotics, and the expression of Fpg was decreased 2.3-fold and increased 1.7-fold in response to Amp and Km, respectively, but was unaffected by Tc and Nor. Our data reveal that the activity of DNA-repair enzymes was not correlated with the expression of the genes encoding these enzymes. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis and examined the physiological changes in soil-borne A. oleivorans DR1 exposed to antibiotics of distinct classes.