Increased adipokine production and proinflammatory activity caused by VAI, may served as accumulating evidence for identifying inflammation as a potential mechanism linking adipose tissue and cardiometabolic risk. The VAI was significantly increased in prehypertension in our study, a scenario associated with an increased risk of CVD. Therefore, our study based on a cross-sectional epidemiological survey, maybe suitable for managing risk factors of prehypertension, and prevent the progression of normalcy and prehypertension to hypertension. Thus, we believe that the achievement of the recently accepted hyperglycemia control target does not satisfactorily halt DR progression in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Our results suggested that the higher the initial HbA1c level, the higher the possibility of DR progression. To reduce DR progression, controlling glucose to a lower target level in the early period of diabetes is recommended. The ADA recommends that the HbA1c level in diabetic patients should be controlled to less than 7.0%, and they also emphasize an incremental benefit to further lowering the HbA1c in selected individual patients to reach values as close to normal as possible under the premise of no significant hypoglycemia. Our research results provided substantial new evidence regarding the efficacy of these recommendations. Although significantly fewer patients with HbA1c less than 7.0% had DR that progressed than those patients who did not reach the target level, the progression rate was still not low. From the DR prevention perspective, we suggest that type 2 diabetic patients with no severe systemic complications such as severe?heart / brain vessel diseases or cancer should control their blood glucose to a lower level under the premise of no severe side effects. For the patients in our study, an HbA1c target less than 5.2% might be ideal; however, it is premature to establish a target value. Additional prospective studies in different populations and of side effects should be conducted. Although it has been reported that intensive diabetes therapy has long-term beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes patients, other research has indicated that strict glycemic control leads to large vessel damage and an increase in mobility. Thus, for patients already at a high risk of circulation problems, a surrogate target of HbA1c less than 6.4% was suggested. Reviewing former research, we found that our result is consistent with some other large clinical trials. Recently, ��The Abmole Ifenprodil Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Eye Study�� reported that intensive glycemic control reduced the rate of DR progression in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the ADVANCE study found that intensive glucose control did not reduce DR incidence and progression in type 2 diabetic patients. Because those studies are randomized controlled trial studies observing specific diabetic patients with strict controls on the study population, our population-based study is closer to the real life situation and provides stronger evidence. Our results showed a strong association between baseline HbA1c level and DR progression. However, there was no significant difference between the progress group and the stable group in HbA1c levels during the follow-up period. In 1990, Roy and his colleagues coined the term ��metabolic memory�� to describe the hypothesis that systemic metabolic imbalance may continue to develop in patients who no longer have hyperglycemia.