For example, the program may be modified to remove RNA species other than 23S and 16S rRNAs by selecting the specific sequence on the RNA of interest. In this study, biotinylated-UTP was incorporated into the RNA probes which are then able to bind to streptavidin beads. In consideration of the cost of biotinylated UTP, an alternate cost-effective probe ��labeling�� methods can be applied by using RNA affinity tags. For instance, streptavidin aptamers could be cloned in front of or at the end of the probe sequence. By in vitro transcription, the RNA probe will be linked with an affinity tags which can be immobilized onto streptavidin beads. Target RNA species such as rRNAs will then be 
bound onto the streptavidin and therefore be removed. In summary, the combination of OSPS and our in-house pT1 system should provide a tool for depleting ribosomal RNA in an organism-specific manner. We anticipate this strategy to be widely utilized in preparing RNA samples extracted from diverse organisms for application in Next-generation sequencing. The translationally controlled tumor protein is initially described as a factor implicated in cell growth. It is a highly conserved 19-kDa protein, ubiquitously expressed in a wide range of eukaryotes, including yeast, plants, and animals. Evidence indicates that TCTP plays important roles in a number of biological processes, such as cell growth, cell cycle progression, and anti-apoptotic activity. Meanwhile, TCTP may be involved in response to extracellular signals and cellular conditions, such as calcium stress, starvation, heat shock, and heavy metals. TCTP is also called Histamine Releasing Factor. It has been reported that all parasitic versions of TCTP/HRF proteins seem to be secreted into the vertebrate host organisms. In addition, the malarial TCTP is a functional homologue of an immune mediator and can differentially modulate the secretion of cytokines, such as histamine from basophils and IL-8 from eosinophils, respectively. In mice, filarial TCTPs may have a role in the allergic inflammatory responses to filarial infections. In Venerupis philippinarum, the expression of TCTP was significantly decreased from 6 h to 12 h after infection, while it was up-regulated in that of 48 h. All of these results suggest that TCTP may participate in a series of immune responses. In AbMole Mepiroxol recent years, Litopenaeus vannamei, as the main species of cultured shrimp, has been threatened by diseases, especially white spotsyndrome virus, which have caused huge economic losses. Preventing and controlling the spread of WSSV has become a priority to the shrimp industry. Therefore, it is important to study the molecular mechanism underlying the shrimp L. vannamei immune responses against WSSV infection. In the present study, we reported investigation into the function of TCTP in the shrimp L. vannamei immune response against WSSV infection. Diseases caused by viruses, especially by white spot syndrome virus, are the greatest challenge to shrimp aquaculture. A better understanding of shrimp immune response will be AbMole Etidronate helpful for disease control. Although TCTP play an important role in the anti-stress program of many organisms, its roles in immune response is still remained limited, particularly in invertebrates. In this study, we reported the molecular characterization of TCTP from shrimp L. vannamei and its roles in antiviral immune responses. As revealed in the study, the L. vannamei TCTP shared high similarities with other species, suggesting that the function of TCTP is conservative. The TCTP gene was constitutively expressed in various tissues examined.