In strontium renalate, and fabricate a scaffold containing Sr to assist in the regeneration of periodontal defects in osteoporotic rats. Recently we have demonstrated that the release kinetics and in vitro behavior of these scaffolds demonstrates ideal release of Sr ions over time and supports osteoblast proliferation and differentiation as well as bone regeneration in a rat femur defect model. The goal therefore of the present study was to further investigate the ability for these scaffolds to fully 
regenerate the more complicated periodontal defect in OVX animals. The benefit and future incorporation of Sr into pharmacological agents and biomaterials stems from previous studies indicating that Sr ions is a safe and effective way to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells harvested. It has previously been demonstrated that Sr significantly influences osteoblastic differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity, realtime PCR for ALP and osteocalcin mRNA expression, and alizarin red staining for mineralization. Furthermore, recent investigations have also demonstrated a positive correlation of Sr incorporation into biomaterials. In order to verify our hypothesis that Sr would be advantage in Tioxolone combination with a carrier scaffold, we created Sr-MBG scaffolds and implanted them in acute type periodontal defects in Gambogic-acid ovariectomised rats to mimic the osteoporotic phenotype. The micro-CT analysis demonstrated that Sr-MBG scaffolds induced more mineralization than MBG scaffolds alone or control samples. The morphological and histormorphometry analysis based on the HE and Mason staining suggested that the Sr-MBG stimulated a more effectively osteoconductive and anti-osteoporotic phenotype which increased the speed and quality of bone regeneration. Furthermore it was shown from TRAP staining that the number of multi-nucleated giant cells was significantly reduced when Sr was administered in MBG scaffolds. This finding is in accordance with studies from the literature that demonstrate that Sr is able to suppress osteoclastogenesis. It has been shown that Sr is able to reduce osteoclast resorption in vitro by decreasing receptor activator of nuclear factor-KappaB ligand -induced osteoclast differentiation. The incorporation of strontium into biomaterials has become a hot topic in recent years. Investigators have now demonstrated positive results for the incorporation of Sr into calcium phosphate, osseointegration of titanium implants, hydroxyappatite implants and bioactive glass. These investigations utilize the bone formation capabilities of Sr not only for osteoporotic related defects and patients but also for the general public. Thus, it is plausible that the use of Sr may become mainstream within the next decade for a large variety of dental application. The desirable outcome of simultaneously improving bone formation while decreasing bone resorption by incorporating Sr into biomaterials presents many future options for a large variety of applications. In conclusion, the results from the present study demonstrates that Sr-releasing MBG scaffolds are capable of significantly increasing alveolar bone regeneration in periodontal tissues in OVX rats 28 days post-surgery when compared to control and MBG groups. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time the ability for Sr-containing scaffolds to support bone formation in periodontal tissues in vivo. The scaffolds utilized in this study demonstrate that the release of Sr2.