Intake of an immunosuppressive medication during the acquisition phase of the conditioning procedure as well as after placebo intake during the evocation phase is certainly a unique advantage of the model employed here. However, there are also a number of limitations within this study. Firstly, our findings are limited due to the small number of volunteers included in the genetic analyses, which only included young and healthy males and have to be thus interpreted with caution. The sample size is not sufficient to detect small sized effects, which may bear the risk of type 2 errors, i.e., the risk to miss existing group differences due to low statistical power. Future studies in larger samples should consider multiple factor statistical models of potentially moderating or even mediating effects of sociodemographic or additional psychological or genetic variables. Secondly, the information material and systematic procedure of analyzing adverse side effects could have let to an increased number of reported side effects, compared to a “free recall” procedure, as the documentation itself is affecting the occurrence of side effects. Subjects in this experiment were regularly informed about common CsA side effects and also received information material, as well as a standard questionnaire for specific and general side effects. Lastly, further psychological characteristics such as neuroticism, coping style, personality, as well as decision making should be included in future studies, in order to detect their potential effects on the response towards medication. In summary, the identification of psychobiological and/or genetic predictor variables in order to minimize nocebo effects is of essential relevance for clinical practice and trials. Future studies have to confirm the reported personality and genetic predictor variables for nocebo responses for different drugs, different physiological systems and end organ functioning. If nocebo Kinase Inhibitor Library responders could be conveniently classified by genetic or psychological predictor variables, these individuals could receive a “personalized treatment”’, such as the usage of a “contextualized informed consent”. The recognition of placebo and nocebo responders will be invaluable for estimating the real drug effects, as placebo responders will contribute to an underestimation of drug effects, whereas nocebo responders will lead to an overestimation of adverse unwanted side effects. An extraordinary goal, such as brain delivery of therapeutic proteins, requires exceptional measures. The blood brain barrier is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of many devastating diseases of central nervous system. Among them are neurodegenerative disorders, infectious diseases, stroke, and lysosomal storage diseases. PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder of people over 65 year age; 70,000 new cases are registered in US every year. Regrettably, no therapies are currently available that can attenuate disease progression.