We think that the loss of fitness benefit to insect-resistant transgenic crop-weed hybrid populations in mixed planting is most likely owing to the considerably reduced insect pressure. In other words, the generally low ambient insect pressure in the experimental field caused by the mixture of insect-resistant transgenic plants will significantly reduce the potential fitness advantages that should have been brought by insect-resistance transgenes. As a result, the expected long-term persistence and rapid spread of insect-resistance transgenes in weedy rice populations caused considerably increased fitness advantages following transgene flow from a GE rice variety may not happen in the realistic situation if such fitness advantages are extremely limited. Under the actual situation where an insect-resistant GE rice variety is cultivated, the ambient insect pressure in an extensive field area should be reduced to a much greater extent than that in our experimental plots. The spread of transgenes in weedy rice populations might be considerably limited owning to the negligible fitness increase in insectresistance GE rice fields where the target insect pressure is significantly reduced, although the issue of transgene flow from an insect-resistant GE rice variety to its coexisting weedy rice populations should not be neglected. Our finding has its important implications for the risk assessment of transgene flow from insect-resistant GE crop to its wild relatives, and to the conspecific weedy populations in particular. Given a determined frequency of transgene flow, the magnitude of potential Gefitinib molecular weight environmental risks should largely depend on the fitness effect of a transgene. It is generally recognized that fitness effect of an insect-resistance transgene is determined by the ambient insect pressure in the environment where wild/weedy populations occur. Therefore, the assessment of environmental risks caused by transgene flow from an insect-resistant GE crop to wild populations should first consider the pressure of target insects in the concerned environment. This principle may also applied to the risk assessment of transgene flow to wild populations, considering that insect pressure in natural habitats is significantly lower than in agriculture habitats. For the crop conspecific weedy populations co-occurring with a crop, cropto-weed transgene flow cannot be avoided. The expected environmental impact from transgene flow from insect-resistant GE crop could be large because hypothetically insect-resistance transgenes will bring fitness benefit to the weedy populations. However, the fitness advantages might be limited due to the fact that weedy plants will be surrounded by insect-resistant plants in a GE crop field, reducing the ambient pressure of target herbivores significantly. Consequently, the spread of the transgenes in weedy populations would be limited. In reality, the extensive commercial cultivation of an insect-resistant GE crop will largely reduce target herbivores in a GE deployed area. Under such a circumstance, the environmental impacts caused by the crop-to-weed transgene flow from an insect-resistant GE crop will also be limited. Angiogenesis, a process involving the proliferation of new blood vessels, plays a crucial role in many pathologic states. This process is mainly driven by vascular endothelial growth factor, whose signaling pathway has been a target of many new antiangiogenic agents. Currently used monoclonal antibodies against VEGF included pegaptanib, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab. Bevacizumab is a recombinant full length humanized antibody that binds to all types of VEGF and is used successfully in the treatment of many types of malignancy as a systemic drug.